Journal: Drug Design, Development and Therapy

Article Title: Proteomic Insights into the Effects of Jianweixiaoshi Tablets on Functional Dyspepsia with Spleen Deficiency in Rats

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S477034

Figure Lengend Snippet: JWXS modulates the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones in SD-FD rats. ( A ) Gastrin, ( B ) Motilin, ( C ) Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK8), ( D ) Ghrelin, ( E ) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and ( F ) Somatostatin (SST) in serum are shown (n=6 rats per group). ⁎ p < 0.05, ⁎⁎ p < 0.01 compared to the control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.01 compared to the model group.

Article Snippet: Concentrations of the gastrin ELISA kit (CSB-E12743r), motilin ELISA kit (CSB-E08208r), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ELISA kit (CSB-E08355r), ghrelin ELISA kit (CSB-E09816r), and somatostatin (SST) ELISA kit (CSB-E08204r) were purchased from Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Long-Term Increased Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A Expression in Ventromedial Hypotalamus Causes Hyperphagia and Alters the Hypothalamic Lipidomic Profile

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097195

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum and plasma samples from fed GFP and CPT1AM rats were used for all the analyses. (A) Plasma active ghrelin. (B) Serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). (C) Serum leptin. (D) Serum adiponectin. n = 6–10 animals per group. (E) Epididymal WAT histological sections (H & E staining) from representative GFP and CPT1AM rats. (F) White adipocyte diameter scored using ImageJ software and expressed as a fold change respect to GFP animals (5 high power field counted per rat, n = 3 rats per group). (G) mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers in WAT from GFP and CPT1AM rats. n = 5–7 animals per group. (H) Interscapular BAT histological sections (H & E staining) from representative GFP and CPT1AM rats. (I) Lipid droplet size scored using ImageJ software and expressed as a fold change respect to GFP animals (4 high power field counted per rat, n = 3 rats per group). (J) mRNA expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and thermogenesis in BAT from GFP and CPT1AM animals. n = 10 animals per group. Error bars indicate SEM. * p <0.05.

Article Snippet: Commercial kits were used to measure serum insulin (Rat/Mouse Insulin ELISA (Millipore)), leptin (Mouse/Rat Leptin ELISA (B-Bridge)), adiponectin (Rat Adiponectin ELISA (Millipore)), non-esterified FA (NEFA) (Wako Chemicals), plasma acylated-ghrelin (Rat Acylated-Ghrelin ELISA (BioVendor)), T3, T4, and TSH (ELISA (DRG Diagnostics)).

Techniques: Staining, Software, Expressing

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Long-Term Increased Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A Expression in Ventromedial Hypotalamus Causes Hyperphagia and Alters the Hypothalamic Lipidomic Profile

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097195

Figure Lengend Snippet: AAV-mediated CPT1AM expression in the VMH would increase FAO and modulate ROS production and the cellular profile of SLs and PLs. The derived molecular changes in the hypothalamus include the up-regulation of the mitochondrial protein UCP2, the enzyme FAS, and the receptors NPY1R and GHS-R, which indicate an enhanced response to orexigenic NPY and ghrelin. Moreover, an up-regulation of VGAT transporter and a decrease in VGLUT2 may indicate enhanced inhibitory signalling which has been described to promote food intake. The long-term de-regulation of hypothalamic energy sensing induces systemic modifications, including increased circulating levels of BCAA, NEFA, ghrelin, insulin and glucose, the up-regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic genes, increased adiposity, and MCP1 expression in WAT. These central and systemic changes derived from VHM CPT1AM expression promote an increase in food intake and the development of associated metabolic complications.

Article Snippet: Commercial kits were used to measure serum insulin (Rat/Mouse Insulin ELISA (Millipore)), leptin (Mouse/Rat Leptin ELISA (B-Bridge)), adiponectin (Rat Adiponectin ELISA (Millipore)), non-esterified FA (NEFA) (Wako Chemicals), plasma acylated-ghrelin (Rat Acylated-Ghrelin ELISA (BioVendor)), T3, T4, and TSH (ELISA (DRG Diagnostics)).

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Anorexia and Eating Patterns in the Elderly

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063539

Figure Lengend Snippet: Baseline Characteristics of the Sample According to the Diagnosis of Anorexia § .

Article Snippet: The quantitative measurement of serum leptin levels was performed using a leptin ELISA kit (Diagnostics Biochem Canada); ghrelin plasma concentrations were assessed with a ghrelin ELISA kit (BioVendor, Czech Republic).

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Hypotensive effects of ghrelin receptor agonists mediated through a novel receptor

doi: 10.1111/bph.12527

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Responses of HEK293 cells transfected with rat GHSR1a to capromorelin, CP464709, GSK894490, ulimorelin, ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin (UAG). Increases in intracellular Ca2+ were measured using a Flexstation assay. (B) Rightward shift in the concentration-response curve for ulimorelin with increasing concentrations of JMV2959. (C) Rightward shift in the ulimorelin concentration-response curve caused by YIL781.

Article Snippet: Materials The following compounds were used: CP464709, synthesized by Dr Jason Witherington; capromorelin tartrate (CP424391) from Raqualia Pharmaceuticals, Nagoya, Japan and synthesized by us (KB and JB); ulimorelin from Tranzyme Pharma; JMV2959 synthesized by us (KB and JB); GSK894490 from GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK; YIL781 (Tocris, Bristol, UK); AZP531 (ChinaPeptides, Shanghai, China); carbachol chloride, hexamethonium bromide, L-NAME and phenylephrine hydrochloride (from Sigma Aldrich); rat ghrelin (Auspep, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and ChinaPeptides); rat UAG (des-acyl ghrelin; GL Biochem, Shanghai, China and ChinaPeptides).

Techniques: Transfection, Concentration Assay